Hijo De Africa

CLIP Mc solaar "hijo de africa" par niksinik

J' sais pas si tu connais le kwassa-kwassa,
Zaiko Langa-langa, la Rumba, ou le Makossa
Le M'balax, la cora, le son du balafon
Qui fait bouger Bamako, N'Djamena ou le Gabon
Terre d'Afrique, Dioula, Peul Mandingue Massaï
Terre, où si t'es frappadingue le Saï - Saï t'assaille
Et j' croque bâton - manioc en pirogue
J'vois des côtes ancestrales et de belles gardes robes
Sur la plage, on a fumé le capitaine
Bu le jus de tamarin dans une coupe en ébène
Il faut des sous pour le développement
Il faut développer les flux pour lutter contre le sous-développement

[Refrain] :
Ahio ! Il y a des idéaux
Des couleurs et des sons qui sont plus beaux que dans les vidéos
Ahio-o ! Nouvel idéal
J'ai vu des nanas là -bas, qui veulent être comme les filles des Halles
De Doula jusqu'à Touba
Je t'aime, je te le dis tout bas
De Douala jusqu'à Touba
Je t'aime, Hijo de Africa

Une dent toute seule ne peut pas casser la noix
Voilà le genre de sentence que l'on nous apprend là-bas
Pour soigner la maladie, partager noix de kola
Cela veut dire dans les deux cas, qu'Africa a besoin de toi
Tu dois connaître la savane sans passer par Papy Brossard
Et voir l'oeil du griot lorsqu'il te raconte l'Histoire
Les danses de village lors de la cérémonie
Ainsi que les rites initiatiques qui viennent de moins l'infini
Lacs, fleuves, Nil, Niger ou le Victoria
Allez de Bobodioulasso jusqu'à la ville de Pretoria
Ne m'appelez pas bamboula, ou tête de Granola, j'suis Tarzan
Le civilisateur avec l'oeil perçant

[Refrain]

Le troisième acte, c'est les rapports de l'OMS
Parfois le manque d'eau, parfois des conflits qui nous stressent
Guerres civiles inutiles, peur sur le village et la ville
Populations déplacées c'est la peur qui crée l'exil
Des gosses sans école qui ne font pas leurs leçons
Ils ne jouent plus aux soldats, car soldats, ils le sont
C'est aberrant c'est comme un laboratoire
Qui fait des expériences pour quantifier le désespoir
Mais j'garde l'espoir quand j'entends premier Gaou
Ne pas baisser les bras, je le dis toujours au cas où
Quelqu'un écoute ce qui dégoûte, ou écoute les doutes
Et s'il montre la route, en août j'amène des scouts

[Refrain]

Qui sème le vent récolte le tempo

Un break de batteries coule sur la FM
Qui se mêle à mon sang et fait de moi un phénomène
Etrange la cadence à fleur de peau
5.4.3.2.1.Tempo
Le vent se lève pour dire que mon karma
Suit la cadence qui me mène au nirvâna
Ensorceler le pacte et sceller la beauté du corps
Sans effort,c'est de danser
On me traite de traitre quand je traite de la défaite du silence
Le silence est d'or,mais j'ai choisis la cadence
Une vague, un cyclone,que dit la météo
Qui sème le vent récolte le tempo
Qui sème le vent récolte le tempo

Chaque mot,chaque phrase dit avec emphase
Fait de Claude MC le commendo de la phrase
Le tempo est roi dans l'arène musicale
Les rennes sont à moi,toréro lexicale
Matador,prêt pour la mise à mort
Après le corps à corps,remue ton corps
Plus fort on est d'accord
Pas de temps mort
Messsage pourquoi?
Parce que le tempo est roi
Le paramètre est paranormale que dire quedalle
Claude MC s'installe entrée dans les annales
Exemples: le rock,la salsa,le twist et le raggae
Petit à petit sans faire de bruit se sont imposés
Car qui sème le vent récolte le tempo
Qui sème le vent récolte le tempo

Paroles: Mc Solaar. Musique: Alstone

Bouge De Là

Tout a commencé là-bas, dans la ville qu'on appelle Maisons-Alfort
Quand je vois une fatma chelou qui fait bouger son corps
Elle me dit: "Claude M.C., viens là qu'j'te donne du réconfort."
J'ai dit: "Non-merci, c'est très gentil mais je n'mange pas d'porc..."
Elle m'a fait:

"Bouge de là. Bouge, bouge de là. Bouge, bouge, bouge de là."

J'continue mon trajet, j'arrive vers la Gare de Lyon
Quand je vois un gars qui se dit vraiment très fort comme un lion
Il me dit: "Claude M.C., est-ce que tu veux qu'on s'boxe ?"
Ses hématomes étaient plus gros qu'les seins de Samantha Fox !
Il m'a fait:

"Bouge de là. Bouge, bouge de là. Bouge, bouge, bouge de là."

Ma voisine de palier, elle s'appelle Cassandre,
Elle a un petit chien qu'elle appelle Alexandre.
Elle me dit: "Claude M.C., est-ce que tu peux le descendre ?"
J'ai pris mon Magnum, j'ai dû mal comprendre.
Elle m'a fait:

"Bouge de là. Bouge, bouge de là. Bouge, bouge, bouge de là."

Directement, j'suis allé chez Lucie,
Qui aime les chiens, les chats et Trente Millions d'Amis.
Elle me dit: "T'aimes les animaux, toi mon super M.C. ?"
J'ai dit: "oui j'adore, avec du sel et bien cuits !"
Elle m'a fait:

"Bouge de là. Bouge, bouge de là. Bouge, bouge, bouge de là."

Plus tard, dans le métro y a un charclo qui traîne,
Il me raconte toute sa vie, il me dit qu'il vient de Rennes.
Ensuite, il me dit qu'il pue, qu'il faudrait qu'il se baigne...
J'lui dis: "Jette-toi dans l'égout, t'arrives direct dans la Seine !"
Il m'a fait:

"Bouge de là. Bouge, bouge de là. Bouge, bouge, bouge de là."

J'continue mon trajet, j'arrive vers le boul'vard Barbès
Quand j'vois un de mes amis qui venait de Marrakech
Il me dit: "Arwah, arwah, j't'achète des rap en dinars."
J'ai dit: "Non, je veux des dollars car on m'appelle Solaar."
Il m'a fait:

"Bouge de là. Bouge, bouge de là. Bouge, bouge, bouge de là."

Alors, j'ai bougé; j'ai dû m'en aller, partir, bifurquer,
J'ai dû m'évader, j'ai dû m'enfuir, j'ai dû partir, j'ai dû m'éclipser,
J'ai dû me camoufler, j'ai dû disparaître... Pour réapparaître.

Oh ! Oh ! Bouge de là.
Bouge de là.

Les temps changent

Au temps des jupes-culottes, j'étais cool à l'école
Mangeais à la cantine, y avait pas de vache folle
A la télé, j'étais fana d'Ayato
Dans la rue, c'était l'aiguiseur de couteaux
Le must à l'époque était le pat d'Eph
Folon, Gilles Villeneuve et Michel Polnareff
Créateur d'avant-garde avant Gaultier
Je choquais, mes blue-jeans avaient quatre ourlets
Tu peux me nommer rappeur nostalgique
Néo-romantique aux actions bucoliques
Avant pour les gosses les grands étaient des mythes
Regarde, maintenant c'est les parents qui flippent

[Refrain] :
Les temps changent
Les temps changent

J'vais à la fac de la façon la plus lente
Mais j'aurais dû sécher pour éviter l'amiante
J'ai des potes de toutes sortes, paix à Som Vang !
On se voit après les cours et je progresse au ping-pong
Dans les soirées rap, j'attaque free style au mic
Mountain bike l'obstacle avec une paire de Nike
J'avais dans ma classe des fanatiques d'Inès
Au café P.M.U., c'était plus Pierrette Brès
J'te parle du temps du salut dans la rue
De la simplicité mais ça n'existe plus
Sans blague ! les gens s'affichent comme des tags
On drague ! même avec un phone portable

[Refrain]

C'est un peu comme Perec que je me souviens
De l'académie des neuf et des temples Égyptiens
Je n'ai pas vu le Caire depuis la mort de Sadate
Si tu comptes en années, tu comprendras que ça date
J'voulais être pickpocket chez les kangourous
Des potes, T. Bone steaks pour le barbecue
Mais le monde est complexe, j'ai le Tipp-ex
Comme tout le monde je reste perplexe
Je me rappelle encore de mon petit Quartier Nord
Nous faisons des tas d'efforts, pour nos corps, par le sport
C'est fini, y a plus d'athlètes sur les pistes
On assiste à des compèt' de 8.6

[Refrain]

Why I Like People with Unconventional Resumés

Professional success used to depend on experience, knowledge, and skill. But things have changed in recent decades. First, knowledge has become as rapidly obsolete as universally available. Second, we live in an increasingly uncertain and volatile world where, I often say, even the past has become unpredictable. And, finally, business has become more global and diverse.

In this new normal, experience and knowledge are less relevant, while the abilities to learn and adapt, to be resilient and to connect with others are ever more crucial. That's why, as an executive search consultant, I like job candidates who have followed non-traditional career paths. That's why I look for people who have shown the penchant for personal disruption I was asked to talk about as part of this recent HBR article.

When making senior appointments, I look both for two things: readiness for the job and potential for further development. Readiness is about the fit between the requirements of the position and the candidate at that particular stage in his or her career. It rests on critical competencies and cultural fit. And, in my view, non-linear job changes can tell a lot about several powerful emotional intelligence-based competencies — flexibility, adaptability, empathy, organizational awareness and relationship management — that differentiate stars from average performers in new roles. Disruptive moves can also tell you a lot about potential because they show a candidate's curiosity, insight, inspiration and determination, which in turn indicate a search for learning and challenge. In fact, I'm usually worried when I don't see major job shifts on candidates' resumés. It could suggest they're not seeking growth and that they're not fully prepared for a leadership transition.

One of the most dramatic examples I've seen on this, at a national level, is that of Japan. When together with local colleagues I did a series of analyses for the local edition of my book Great People Decisions in Japan, we discovered that young Japanese executives had higher potential than the average in our global database, while senior Japanese executives had lower-than-average competence. Why weren't these leaders living up to their promise? I believe it's due to the extremely limited degree of job- and career-shifting in Japan, not only across companies but even within them.

Of course, there's nothing wrong with a perfectly linear career if you are still proactively growing and learning and successfully performing at ever higher levels of complexity. But as Nitin Nohria and Boris Groysberg have shown, leaders are not as portable as we might assume. Employers — and recruiters — know this. So it's important for all aspiring executives to think about disruption in the context of their careers and to consider job changes that prove an ability to master new companies, sectors, cultures and strategies. You'll be measured against people who already have.

More blog posts by Claudio Fernández-Aráoz

Des robots de bulles d’air

En robotique, il y a les plus grands, les plus gros, les plus forts, les Transformers, et les plus petits, les “nanobots”. Capables de s’insérer partout, y compris dans le corps humain. Ceux-ci sont simplissimes, une bulle d’air… et un laser. Ces robots ne sont faits que d’air, une bulle d’air dans une solution saline. Mais dans cette bulle, les chercheurs de l’Université de Hawai à Manoa font pointer un laser. Et ce laser change tout ! Il sert ni plus ni moins que de “moteur” à ce robot miniature, permettant ainsi de contrôler vitesse et direction. La bulle suit littéralement le laser.
Ces robots pourraient être utilisés pour assembler des microstructures et disparaître une fois leur tâche effectuée. Parfaits pour travailler dans des milieux mobiles, comme nos cellules vivantes, ces microrobots pourraient bien se retrouver dans nos corps d’ici quelques dizaines d’années.

BMC to Launch New Mobile Solution

BMC Software (BMC) is geared up to launch the BMC Mobile Device Management solution, leveraging technology from AirWatch. The company is a renowned provider of Mobile Device Management software, for which it has been awarded a leadership position in 2012 Gartner Magic Quadrant.
BMC Sofwtare’s new solution will cater to all types of hand-held devices, including mobile phones and tablets, along with other mobile applications and content.
Increased traction of mobile IT devices is expected to drive the demand of this solution. As per Gartner, 33.0% of the business intelligence functionality will be consumed through hand-held devices by the year 2013.
Moreover, it is also evident from the CRN research that this is the third most in-demand enterprise mobile application, behind only e-mail and personal information management apps such as calendars. Moreover, 68.0% of that survey's participants rated mobile Business Intelligence as "critical" or "very important" – up from 52.0% in the year-ago level.
Moreover, as per a recent report published by a website “displaysearch.com”, Apple shipped nearly 17.2 million mobile PCs in the first quarter of 2012, thereby registering a year-over-year shipment growth of 118%. Around 80% of Apple’s mobile PC shipments were attributed to the iPads, which increased 162% year over year to 13.6 million units.
Total mobile PC shipments during the first quarter of 2012 stood at 76.2 million units, down 15% on a sequential basis. Although shipments declined, opportunity in this segment is immense.
Management of mobile devices is slowly becoming the order of the day and this has induced BMC to take several strategic initiatives to expand its mobile device management capabilities through virtualization/cloud computing space, which is fast becoming saturated.
Although the company is making every possible move to improve its business, lower expenditure from different government and private customers and the ongoing European economic turmoil will remain headwinds for the next few quarters. Concurrently, heightened competition from big industry players such as International Business Machines (IBM), Hewlett-Packard Company (HPQ), EMC Corp. (EMC) and CA Inc. (CA) remains a concern.
Currently, BMC Software has a Zacks #3 Rank, indicating a short-term Hold rating.
Read the Full Research Report on BMC Read the Full Research Report on HPQ
Read the Full Research Report on CA
Read the Full Research Report on IBM
Read the Full Research Report on EMC
Zacks Investment Research

Crystal Skulls

Introduction

Skulls are humanity's foremost symbol of death, and a powerful icon in the visual vocabularies of cultures all over the globe. Thirteen crystal skulls of apparently ancient origin have been found in parts of Mexico, Central America and South America, comprising one of the most fascinating subjects of 20th Century archaeology.

These skulls, found near the ancient ruins of Mayan and Aztec civilizations (with some evidence linking the skulls with past civilization in Peru) are a mystery as profound as the Pyramids of Egypt, the Nazca Lines of Peru, or Stonehenge. Some of the skulls are believed to be between 5,000 and 36,000 years old. Many indigenous people speak of their remarkable magical and healing properties, but nobody really knows where they came from or what they were used for.  Were they left behind after the destruction of a previous world, such as Atlantis? Are they simply ingenious modern fakes or can they really enable us to see deeply into the past and predict the future?  Much research is currently being done on the skulls. However, their origin is still a baffling mystery. They seem to defy logic. Everything that is known about lapidary work indicates that the skulls should have been shattered fractured, or fallen apart when carved. Famous Crystal Skulls This report examines the known history of crystal skulls, various viewpoints on where they might have came from, and the secrets they may reveal. Copyright 1996 ParaScope, Inc. The Mitchell-Hedges Crystal Skull The most widely celebrated and mysterious crystal skull is the Mitchell-Hedges Skull, for at least two good reasons. First, it is very similar in form to an actual human skull, even featuring a fitted removable jawbone. Most known crystal skulls are of a more stylized structure, often with unrealistic features and teeth that are simply etched onto a single skull piece. Second, it is impossible to say how the Mitchell-Hedges skull was constructed. From a technical standpoint, it appears to be an impossible object which today's most talented sculptors and engineers would be unable to duplicate. The Anna Mitchell-Hedges Skull was discovered in British Honduras in 1927 The discovery of this baffling artifact is a controversial matter. It was brought into prominence by British explorer F. A. Mitchell-Hedges, who claimed that his daughter unearthed it in 1924. Mitchell-Hedges led an expedition in the ancient Mayan ruins of Lubaantun, in Belize (then British Honduras), searching for evidence of Atlantis. The story goes that his daughter, Anna, was rummaging inside a structure believed to have once been a temple, when she found the beautifully carved cranium of the crystal skull. It was lacking its jawbone, but the matching mandible was found three months later, some 25 feet away from the first discovery. Mitchell-Hedges claimed that he refused to take the skull away, and offered it to the local priests, but the Mayans gave the skull back to him as a gift upon his departure. It now appears that this tale of the skull's discovery was entirely fabricated. Mitchell-Hedges apparently purchased the skull at an auction at Sothebys in London, in 1943. This has been verified by documents at the British Museum, which had bid against Mitchell-Hedges for the crystal artifact. This revelation is consistent with the known history of Mitchell-Hedges's involvement with the skull. There are no photographs of the skull among those that were taken during his Lubaatun expedition, and there is no documentation of Mitchell-Hedges displaying or even acknowledging the skull prior to 1943. The skull remains in the possession of the octogenarian Anna Mitchell-Hedges. She resides in Canada and displays the skull on frequent tours. Anna has maintained for all these years that she discovered the skull, even though there is reason to doubt that she was present at the Lubaatun expedition at all. The Mitchell-Hedges skull is made of clear quartz crystal, and both cranium and mandible are believed to have come from the same solid block. It weighs 11.7 pounds and is about five inches high, five inches wide, and seven inches long. Except for slight anomalies in the temples and cheekbones, it is a virtually anatomically correct replica of a human skull. Because of its small size and other characteristics, it is thought more closely to resemble a female skull -- and this has led some to refer to the Mitchell-Hedges skull as a "she." The Mitchell-Hedges family loaned the skull to Hewlett-Packard Laboratories for extensive study in 1970. Art restorer Frank Dorland oversaw the testing at the Santa Clara, California, computer equipment manufacturer, a leading facility for crystal research. The HP examinations yielded some startling results.

Researchers found that the skull had been carved against the natural axis of the crystal. Modern crystal sculptors always take into account the axis, or orientation of the crystal's molecular symmetry, because if they carve "against the grain," the piece is bound to shatter -- even with the use of lasers and other high-tech cutting methods.

To compound the strangeness, HP could find no microscopic scratches on the crystal which would indicate it had been carved with metal instruments. Dorland's best hypothesis for the skull's construction is that it was roughly hewn out with diamonds, and then the detail work was meticulously done with a gentle solution of silicon sand and water. The exhausting job -- assuming it could possibly be done in this way -- would have required man-hours adding up to 300 years to complete.
Under these circumstances, experts believe that successfully crafting a shape as complex as the Mitchell-Hedges skull is impossible; as one HP researcher is said to have remarked, "The damned thing simply shouldn't be."

---

The British Crystal Skull and the Paris Crystal Skull

There is a pair of similar skulls known as the British Crystal Skull and the Paris Crystal Skull. Both are said to have been bought by mercenaries in Mexico in the 1890s, possibly at the same time.

They are so similar in size and shape that some have guessed that one was copied to produce the other. In comparison to the Mitchell-Hedges skull, they are made of cloudier clear crystal and are not nearly as finely sculpted. The features are superficially etched and appear incomplete, without discretely formed jawbones. The British Crystal Skull is on display at London's Museum of Mankind, and the Trocadero Museum of Paris houses the Paris Crystal Skull.

The British Crystal Skull.  It is currently residing in the British Museum of Man in London, England,
and has been there since 1898. It is a one piece clear quartz full size quartz crystal skull. 

The British Crystal Skull.  It is currently residing in the British Museum of Man in London, England,
and has been there since 1898. It is a one piece clear quartz full size quartz crystal skull.  Image Source

The Paris Crystal Skull It  is currently residing in the Trocadero Museum in Paris, France.
You may notice a slight indentation on the top, which is a hole that was cut into the skull purported to hold a cross.

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Mayan Crystal Skull and the Amethyst Skull

Further examples of primitively sculpted skulls are a couple called the Mayan Crystal Skull and the Amethyst Skull. They were discovered in the early 1900s in Guatemala and Mexico, respectively, and were brought to the U.S. by a Mayan priest. The Amethyst Skull is made of purple quartz and the Mayan skull is clear, but the two are otherwise very alike. Like the Mitchell-Hedges skull, both of them were studied at Hewlett-Packard, and they too were found to be inexplicably cut against the axis of the crystal.

Amethyst skull  [ Image Source ]

Texas Crystal Skull (Max)

A skull known as "Max," or the Texas Crystal Skull, is a single-piece, clear skull weighing 18 pounds. It reportedly originated in Guatemala, then passed from a Tibetan spiritualist to JoAnn Parks of Houston, Texas. The Parks family allows visitors to observe Max and they display the skull at various exhibitions across the U.S.

ET Skull

"ET" is a smoky quartz skull found in the early 20th Century in Central America. It was given its nickname because its pointed cranium and exaggerated overbite make it look like the skull of an alien being. ET is part of the private collection of Joke Van Dietan, who tours with her skulls to share the healing powers she believes they possess.

Rose Quartz Crystal Skull

The only known crystal skull that comes close to resembling the Mitchell-Hedges skull is one called the Rose Quartz Crystal Skull, which was reported near the border of Honduras and Guatemala. It is not clear in color and is slightly larger than the Mitchell-Hedges, but boasts a comparable level of craftsmanship, including a removable mandible.

Brazilian Crystal Skull

This 13.8 pound life-size skull was donated to the museum's Section of Minerals by a Brazilian gem dealer in 2004.

Brazilian Quartz Crystal Skull. Image Source >>

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"Compassion" - Atlantean Crystal Skull

A newly discovered Crystal skull that rivals the Mitchell Hedges Skull. Atlantean is what Maya Shaman and elder Hunbatz Men said when he first examined it at the crystal skull conference on 9/9/9.

This skull was in a warehouse in Africa for 22 years and then 7 years in storage in an import store. I found it 11 months ago today. It is human size and it has the removable jaw. It is the same dimensions as the Mitchell Hedges Skull with some added features.

Below: This view is of an Iron Oxide Occlusion between two of the 3 total layers on skull

When examined by a Dr. Minch, 20 year head of Geology dept. at the Natural History Museum in Santa Barbara showed how the front teeth or Maxilla angles to it's right! He felt this was one example of a hand carved Skull. "A machine made skull would have been straight."

This skull is now available for inspection in California.

More information can be found at: www.atlanteanskull.com

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Origin Theories: Celestial Gifts or Skullduggery?

Regardless of any unearthly properties the crystal skulls may or may not possess, the question remains: where did they come from? There are countless hypotheses that they are the legacy of some higher intelligence. Many believe they were created by extraterrestrials or beings in Atlantis or Lemuria. One elaborate theory maintains that the skulls were left behind by a sophisticated Inner Earth society which lives at the hollow center of our planet, and there are thirteen "master skulls" which contain the history of these people.

The most obvious answer to the mystery is that native artisans in Latin America or elsewhere crafted the skulls themselves. The Mayans are most often associated with them, although some doubt that they could have made the skulls, and not simply because of the technical conundrum the job poses. One theory holds the Aztecs as a more likely candidate to have created them. Skull imagery figures prominently in Aztec art and religious symbols, and not in that of the Mayans. The Aztecs were also more highly skilled in sculpting with crystal. It could be that the skulls found in Mayan ruins are actually displaced Aztec relics... or, as some suspect, this incongruity may indicate that some accounts of the skulls' origins are phony.

Many skeptics feel that the crystal skulls are probably of a much more recent vintage than their accompanying stories suggest. This, they believe, is the best way to explain their existence, since no one could have created them without technologies available only within the past century. Since carbon-dating only works on organic substances, it is impossible to determine just how old a crystal skull is. But one recent study found reasonable signs of some skulls' relative youth.

A May broadcast of the BBC documentary series "Everyman" reported on studies of a number of crystal skulls and other artifacts of supposedly ancient origin conducted at the British Museum. Using electron microscopes, the researchers found that two of the skulls possessed straight, perfectly-spaced surface markings, indicating the use of a modern polishing wheel. Genuine ancient objects would show haphazard tiny scratches from the hand-polishing process. The report speculated that these skulls were actually made in Germany within the past 150 years.

Even the regal Mitchell-Hedges skull is not without scandalous accusations of fraud. Some believe that F.A. Mitchell-Hedges had the piece commissioned by a sculptor, and planted it in the Lubaantun ruins for his daughter to find as a spectacular birthday present.

The validity of this charge is uncertain, but even if the Mitchell-Hedges skull is of modern origin, its structure is no less extraordinary. In all likelihood, every crystal skull in the world was fashioned by plain old human beings of some sort, and regardless of whether the work was carried out five years ago or five hundred years ago, we still don't have any idea how they did it.

Source: Parascope

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The Crystal Skull Enigma

by N Charles C. Pelton

In the realm of ancient artifacts there are few antiquities that are as thought provoking as the carved quartz crystal skulls. Very little is known about these ancient wonders of the world, largely due to the fact that so few of them exist which are accessible to the researcher. In the last few years, interest has risen intensely in these works of antiquity. For many years, when the subject of the crystal skulls was discussed, few people were aware of the fact that the Mitchell- Hedges skull was not the only crystal skull known to man. It may have been the most perfectly carved, even viewed by more people throughout the world than any other skull, but, certainly not the only skull. In fact, there are many skulls in various locations around the world which range in size from a few pounds, or softball sized, to over forty pounds.

Only a few crystal skulls have been expertly authenticated as ancient. Many have been carved within the last five years. Presently, the accepted authentication by which a carved skull can be termed ancient is through a complicated process of casting a mold of the skull and placing it under an electron microscope to examine the minute markings left by the carver. These markings are the clues by which the age of the carving is determined. The telltale pattern of the marking will verify what method was used to carve and polish the skull; thereby, the antiquity expert is able to confirm the age based on methods used on other known works which range from the ancient to the very contemporary. By comparing these various methods with those of the crystal skull, a time-line is developed which will place the skull along that line.

The widely known Mitchell-Hedges skull, located in Canada, one of the most beautiful skulls I have had the pleasure of seeing, is now shrouded in controversy. It is presently suggested that the skull is not ancient, but a work of more recent times, perhaps orchestrated by F.A. Mitchell-Hedges, himself, to promote interest and financing for his adventures. Coined The Skull of Doom', by some associates of the adventurer, actually a misnomer for a term used in the 1930s, The Skull of Dunn. Dunn was an associate of F.A., on the expedition to Luubantun, in 1927, which is when young Anna Mitchell-Hedges, then age 17, reports she found the skull in the ruins of a temple.

The Museum of Man, in London, contains a crystal skull which is called the Aztec Skull. It is no longer on display in that museum. Museum personnel as well as visitors claim the skull moves on its own within the glass case in which it is enclosed. It was acquired by the museum at the turn of the century from an antiquity dealer in New York.

The Paris museum of Man also contains a crystal skull called The Aztec Skull, which is no longer on display. Both the Paris Skull, and the British Skull are much smaller than the Mitchell-Hedges skull, and not nearly as perfectly carved or as clear.

In more recent times, several quartz crystal skulls have appeared. Some are suggested ancient by their owners. Extensive examinations of these skulls have, however, determined many are not ancient at all. It is not certain as to the origin of these imposters. In the early 1980s, a human-sized quartz crystal skull surfaced in Texas. It was in the possession of Norbu Chen, a Tibetan healer. The skull was given to Carl and Jo Ann Parks to satisfy a debt. The skull was placed in a cosmetic case and stored on the floor of a closet in their Houston home for several years. It was while Jo Ann Parks was watching television that she realized that her skull may be an important artifact.

The program was about the Mitchell-Hedges skull, and F.R. Nick Nocerino, a world-renowned expert in crystal skull research, was a guest on the show. After viewing the program, Jo Ann, contacted Nocerino, upon which he traveled to Houston from his home near San Francisco to examine the skull. He determined that the skull was authentic and that it was ancient. He had indeed been aware of the existence of the skull, but had not been able to determine its location. Soon after Nocerino's visit, Jo Ann, after several discussions with the rock, as she fondly referred to it, was told its name was Max.

Also in the mid 80s, Joke van Dieten Maasland, who presently resides in Miami Beach, Florida, acquired a smokey quartz crystal skull from a dealer in Los Angeles. It was reported that this skull had been in the possession of a family in Guatemala, whose parents found the skull in1906, while excavating a Mayan Temple. Joke credits the skull, which she calls E.T., as instrumental in a personal healing of a brain tumor. She shares the story in her book, Messengers of Ancient Wisdom.

In early 1990, a skull weighing more than 40 pounds, which was carved from rock quartz crystal but hollowed out, was donated to the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington. There was little or no documentation as to its authenticity. Since there was no documentable evidence of the age or origin of the skull, the curator determined not to place the skull in the museum for viewing until its authenticity was established.

During a lecture tour in Mexico many years ago, Nocerino was invited to a location in Guerro Provence, to assist in locating the buried ruins of an ancient city. It was during this visit that Nocerino provided the information as to the location of what he thought was an ancient temple. (Due to the current political situation in Mexico, the safety of those currently involved with this excavation would be compromised should I reveal the exact location of the excavation, or the name of the city.) Excavation of that location later revealed several carved crystal artifacts. Among these artifacts were two crystal skulls, one of which is currently owned by Nocerino, which is 13 pounds 3 ounces and is carved of clear quartz crystal. Nocerino calls the skull Sha-Na-Ra, in memory of a Shaman Healer he once knew. The second is currently owned by DaEl Walker, a well- known crystal researcher and author of several crystal healing books. It is smaller than Sha-Na-Ra, about 9 pounds, also quartz crystal. DaEl calls it The Rainbow Skull, due to the rainbow of colors that dance through the skull when in the natural light.

There were many other artifacts found at this location. Several small carved crystal skulls, half skulls which were hollow and a very rare and powerful item we call The Jaguar Man. It is five inches high, two inches in diameter and is carved of quartz crystal. It depicts the head of a Jaguar, with the head of a man in its mouth. The facial features of the man do not appear Mayan. This piece is currently owned by me, and is being exposed to extensive research. Excavation continues in this area and additional finds are expected.

The Pelton Foundation of Applied Paranormal Research, The Institute of Psychic and Hypnotic sciences and The Society of Crystal Skulls, International, launched a research project and video documentary which included the Rainbow, Sha-Na-Ra, E.T., Jesuit, Max, and the Agate Chip skulls. Members of the various organizations who were expert in the field of psychometry, scrying and gazing were brought in to work with the skulls in an attempt to learn more about the skulls using these methods. It would be the first time in recorded history that more than two authentic carved quartz crystal skulls would be together in one room at the same time.

Our project included X-rays, to determine if any were broken or had been more than one piece and glued together, laser light penetration, and startling close-up video of the skulls. The results of phase one of the project can be viewed in our production Skull Trek: The journey of the Crystal Skulls. This production also includes information and photographs of 16 additional crystal skulls, such as the Mitchell-Hedges, Paris, British, Marin, San Jose and Amethyst skulls to mention just a few. Portions of the scrying sessions are also provided.

Psychometry and scrying provided glimpses of the past and wonderful scenarios of ancient ceremonies. A connection with the fabled Atlantis was also brought out during one of the sessions. What were these magnificent objects used for? Who carved them? Is it possible that contemporary society can make use of their wisdom for physical and mental healing? Further research may provide the answers. Perhaps it will provide only more questions!

During my personal research with the skulls, I stumbled upon a phenomenon that I am continuing to pursue. While working with the skulls, performing scrying, I was using various colors and sounds. I placed the skull on a small light box and alternated several colors over the light source opening. After recording my sessions over a period of several weeks, I began a review of the results. I was shocked to learn that when I used a certain color over the light source it seemed to activate a time period. Researching my results further, I determined that each time I used the same color blue, for example, that I would revert to the same time frame. I could almost pick up where I left off at the end of the previous session that I used the particular color. The energy that these skulls produce is staggering. Are they indeed holding the knowledge of mankind? Were they left by an extraterrestrial intelligence? The ages of some of these skulls are estimated to be 100,000 years old. Without ancient documentation, psychometry may be the only tool that can be utilized to obtain the information. Our research continues daily.

In April of 1996, The BBC, in association with the British Museum and Everyman Productions, of London, performed tests on several crystal skulls to determine the age of the caning through electron microscope. Nick Nocerino was invited to bring Sha-Na-Ra. Carl and Jo Ann Parks were invited to bring Max. The British museum offered their Aztec skull and the Smithsonian Institution was invited to bring their 40-pound skull. Also included was a skull from Guatemala, an ancient gold and silver plated reliquary cross which rested in a carved crystal skull and a small skull. Anna Mitchell-Hedges was also invited. However, she declined.

A documentary was produced of the tests by the BBC. The results were shocking to the museum staff. It was determined that the British skull and the Smithsonian skull were not ancient, but in fact carved using very contemporary methods from the 1800s. Sha-Na-Ra and Max were also examined. While the officials of the museum would not publicly comment as to the results, it was confidentially revealed, by the antiquity expert brought to the museum by its officials, that the method used to carve Max and Sha-Na-Ra, was used more than 5000 years ago! The skull in the British museum was a fake. The Smithsonian skull was a fake. The Mitchell-Hedges skull? Well, we wonder why Anna declined. Her only comment was that it had been tested enough in the past. The BBC aired their documentary in July, 1996 and will be aired by U.S. television, however, no date has yet been set. In a letter to me from Everyman Productions, in London, it was reported by the BBC that they had never aired a program in this series with a larger audience.

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The documentary produced as a result of the research project is titled Skull Trek: The Journey of the Crystal Skulls, and can be purchased from Pelton Publications as advertised in this issue of Atlantis Rising. Additional information about the crystal skulls can be obtained by writing F.R. Nick Nocerino, P. O. Box 302, Pinole, CA. 94564, Pelton Publications P. O. Box 377, Pinole, CA. 94564 or you can contact Carl and Jo Ann Parks, directly in Houston, Texas. Jo Ann travels extensively with Max. Her appearance schedule may be obtained from her or Pelton Publications. Joke van Dieten may be contacted directly in Miami Beach, Florida. She also is now traveling with E.T., Sha-Na-Ra, The Rainbow Skull and The Jaguar Man are not available for viewing, however, additional information regarding these artifacts can be obtained by contacting Mr. Nocerino or myself at Pelton Publications.

Source: Atlantis Rising, An Article In Issue Number 10 (Winter 97)

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The Mysterious Crystal Skulls

© by Joshua Shapiro, The Crystal Skull Explorer
Reprinted with permission. 

The purpose of this article is to provide a short concise description about the crystal skulls, one of the greatest mysteries in our world.
An Australian magazine originally had requested an article from me and I had to write in but a few days. So it was not an easy task by any means as the study about the crystal skulls is very involved and complex (to a degree). But, being an Aries born individual, I definitely accepted this challenge and I think the end results weren’t bad. So, now is our time to share this information with you!

© Joshua & Desy Shapiro

Joshua and Desy Shapiro (U.S. & Holland) holding their three personal crystal skulls, (from your left to right) “Portal de Luz”, “Unity”and “Moses of Peace”.

Who am I? 

My name is Joshua Shapiro (American born in Chicago) and in April of 1983,
I was minding my own business when I walked into a metaphysical bookstore in San Jose, California and saw a picture of an almost human-sized Amethyst Crystal Skull. What was amazing is that when I gazed at this picture, I felt a strong and powerful vibration throughout my entire body and heard in my head the words, “What is this (the skull) doing out now?” Within an hour, while I was still in the same bookstore speaking to the owner, a powerful earthquake hit a city in California not far from us and the table with the pictures of this crystal skull was shaking as well. With an inner and outer confirmation, my journey with the crystal skulls had begun. Now almost 20 years later, having given over 200 presentations in the U.S., Canada, South America, Australia and all over Europe (10 different countries), boy do I have some important things to tell you about the crystal skulls!!

Next Question you may ask, “What is a Crystal Skull?” 

Well as the name does imply, we are speaking about skull shaped objects made from various types of quartz crystals (clear, amethyst, smoky, rose, etc …). 

© Joshua Shapiro photo by Vera Manaleo  “Portal de Luz” – a smoky quartz crystal skull created by a Master Brazilian Carver. Caretaker – Joshua Shapiro

There are three types discussed in the world today within the crystal skull community: “NEW or CONTEMPORARY” – crystal skulls being manufactured by modern carvers of which thousands upon thousands now exist (and this has only really started to explode since the middle part of the 1990’s). These skulls come in all shape and sizes (one new skull made was well over 100 pounds or 50 kilo) and are being primarily done by carvers in Brazil and China. Even being sold on E-Bay.

“OLD” – a crystal skull that was fashioned from over 100 years ago to about 1000 years ago. Most of these types of skulls have been discovered within or near ancient ruins in Mexico or Central America and many of them are guarded by descendants of various indigenous people throughout the world. Usually with the “Old” crystal skulls we can have find some type of tool mark left by the carver, as is the case with the “New” crystal skulls.

“ANCIENT” -- a crystal skull that was created from 1500-2000 years ago to whenever (they could be hundreds of thousands of years old). There are a few crystal skulls that exist today which are considered “ANCIENT” crystal skulls.

However, there is absolutely no known technique we have that can date when a quartz crystal was fashioned. In general if we don’t find any tool marks this infers the skull was either done by hand or using some advance technology we don’t know about (Lasers [of which primitive tribes did not have], Thought Projection into the Ethers, a Gift from the Gods [ETs], made by an advance culture that existed on the earth long ago [Atlantis, Lemuria] or they may have come from some advance civilizations that live in the Inner Earth [the Hollow Earth theory,
a whole new article by itself]. 

It is my personal belief that the true understanding of the ancient crystal skulls can be found within various traditions of the indigenous cultures that exist in our world. In particular, there is a definite connection with the crystal skulls with the Mayans and the Aztecs, and there is even information coming from various Native American sources that they know about the skulls as well. In most cases, the crystal skulls are linked to sacred world prophecies held by these people.
Also if such cultures have their own crystal skulls (which seems very likely) they are protecting and guard these skulls in secret as they consider these artifacts very sacred and take the responsibility to hold them very seriously. To determine what type of crystal skull one might have, either we can go by the Legends of the Indigenous People who have them, or by working with trained sensitives who can psychically link into the energy and history of the skull.

History of the Crystal Skulls

The public first became aware of the crystal skulls during the later part of the 19th century. At this time, many museums of the world became interested in displaying antiquities from past civilizations (Egypt, Greece, Mesoamerica, etc …).
Thus, in the 1878, in the Musèe de l’homme (Museum of Man in Paris -- for our French readers) and in 1898, in the Museum of Man of London (for our British readers), each had a clear quartz skull on display (both came out during the 1860’s during the French occupation of Mexico, purportedly found or acquired by Soldiers of Fortune, linked to Mayan sites in this country).
However, in the research conducted for our new book, “Journeys of a Crystal Skull Explorer” (to be released as an e-book and published book this year) there were a number of other old and ancient crystal skulls that were uncovered in various ways during this same century which eventually found their way (after passing through the hands of various people) to specific individuals who are publicly known today!

Again in the early part of the 20th century, usually connected with ancient Mesoamerican ruins or areas, more crystal skulls were uncovered: 

• “The Mitchell-Hedges Crystal Skull”: named after famed explorer and adventurer, F. A. Mitchell-Hedges, discovered in Lubaantum, an ancient Mayan city in Belize in 1924, human size, clear quartz, removable jaw, an almost exact duplicate of our own modern skull, now in the hands of Anna Mitchell-Hedges in Canada;
    
• “ET”: discovered by a Mayan family near Guatemala while digging on their property in 1906; purchased by Joke Van Dieten in 1991 through a crystal store near Los Angeles, is the only human size ancient crystal skull made from smoky quartz which has a resemblance to an “ET” shape, this skull now travels the world and was shown at a major exhibition of Mysterious Objects in Vienna in 2001;
    
• “Max”: 18 lb (9 kilo) clear quartz crystal skull purportedly discovered in a Mayan tomb in Guatemala between 1924-1926. The skull was gifted by a Mayan Shaman to a Tibet trained lama in 1970, used in a healing center in Houston, Texas and then upon the lama’s death, was given to Carl and JoAnn Parks, who tour with this crystal skull with many people in the U.S. primarily. The name comes from a telepathic communication between the skull and Mrs. Parks, where the skull informs this is the name.
    
• “Ami”, the Amethyst Crystal Skull:
  Its history is unsure, purportedly it was part of a collection of crystal skulls held by the Mexican President Diaz from 1876-1910, but also we have reports the skull was discovered in the Oaxaca area (Mexico) and was hand down generation to generation through an order of Mayan Priests. Now it resides in San Jose, California with a group of businessmen who are offering this skull for sale.There are of course many other crystal skulls which are believed to be “ANCIENT” or very old, but this group of four is a good representation. 

“Ami” – an ancient amethyst crystal skull. Notice the circular indentation in the temple and the white squiggly line that cuts the skull in half as it travels the full circumference of the quartz piece.

© Stan Chan & Al Ramirez

 

So, why are the Crystal Skulls so Important? 

It would take a good book (like the one we are doing) to be able to answer this question, so I will just give a few ideas or thoughts for the readers:

• “The ancient Crystal Skulls are the computers of the ancients, they contain important information that help humanity to pass through it current series of challenges to take us into a Golden Age.”
   
• “They were a powerful tool for healing [Body Mind Spirit] by ancient civilizations such as the Mayans or the Atlanteans”
   
• “Today, we have witnessed so many people’s lives profoundly affected when they have had an opportunity to be in the presence of an ‘ANCIENT’ crystal skull (healing of all types of illness, expansion of ones spiritual awareness, bringing to a head emotional or mental blocks, being a catalyst for a positive change in a person’s life and the list goes on) or even now, this phenomena is beginning to happen around the ‘NEW’ crystal skulls.”

 

Has Any Research Been Done to Understand the Skulls?

Yes indeed, there has been some interesting conducted by the Crystal Skull Society International in California, headed by crystal skull expert, F. R. “Nick” Nocerino for almost 60 years. Additionally, in 2001, a group of us formed the World Mystery Research Center (based in the U.S. and Holland) where we began to focus on two aspect related to the crystal skulls:

1. To use various electronic devices to see if we could provide some proof and understanding why the energy or presence of a crystal skull is affecting people in such a powerful manner (and our blind test showed us this was indeed occurring using such devices as meridian based machines, EEG, lecher antenna and Krilian machines sensitive to recording and displaying the Aura. 2. We also discovered secret codes contained within the crystal skulls in the form of images that came out using a special process of analysis using scanned images of the crystal skulls (reversal images that was developed by the Mayans) and very importantly, the Bible Code (secret information encoded within the Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament by a numerical skipping of letters) conclusively discusses the crystal skulls, their link to the Mayans, Prophecy, speaks about the Mitchell-Hedges Crystal Skull, their ability to work as a computer and for healing.

© Marc van de Velde  Here a group of researchers based in Belgium, using what is called a Lecher Antenna (like a dowsing rod but able to measure specific frequencies of energy) test “Portal de Luz”. They were amazed to find that our crystal skull was broadcasting all the same frequencies as a human being: “The senses of ‘Sight’, ‘Smell’, ‘Taste’ and even ‘Hearing’ “

Final Comments from the Writer

I believe the crystal skulls are one of the most important ancient artifacts that have surfaced into the public’s attention which exist today.  I believe the crystal skulls hold key information that will to bring to our world a time of perfect peace and harmony by the year 2013 (or in the ‘Year Zero’, December 21st, 2012 as stated by the Mayans).  This special date is so significant that my new wife Desy and I married on December 21st, of last year, in the presence of our own crystal skulls and images of several ancient crystal skulls, 10 years before.

 Regardless of the sources from which these skulls originated from (other worlds brought here by the ETs, Atlantis, Lemuria, the Inner Earth, etc …) they are now helping many people to awaken to their true potential and to see that we are all members of the same spiritual family who must unite together and work in a cooperative manner to create a world of peace and harmony for ourselves and the generations to come.  The Crystal Skulls are a sign from the Universe and unseen spiritual helpers; that this time of Peace that has been prophesized is now here and at hand, if we each could but do what only makes our hearts sing.

Thank you for reading and listening. Hopefully in the near future, Desy and I will be able to personally meet with you to share the energies of the crystal skulls as we continue our personal journey and odyssey all over the world, guided by the presence linked to these special crystalline friends.


In Peace and Light always,

Joshua & Desy Shapiro,
The Crystal Skull Explorers

NOTE: Read the updated version of this article:
http://www.v-j-enterprises.com/CrystalSkullsbyJoshua204.html

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About Joshua and Desy Shapiro

Joshua and Desy have been working together since 2001, traveling throughout Europe and North America, sharing their crystal skull events with the public. Joshua saw his first ancient crystal skull ("AMI") in 1983 and since that time has been actively involved in investigating the skulls. He is the co-author of the book, Mysteries of the Crystal Skulls Revealed (with Bowen and Nocerino in 1989) and the founder of the World Mystery Research Center (2001). Desy is a universal healer and a gifted visionary artist. She is the caretaker of nine crystal skulls that she shares with her husband. She has assisted Joshua with the crystal skull research conducted over the last 2 years.

Contact Information

Joshua & Desy Shapiro, Twello, Holland
Email: joshuashapiro@hetnet.nl and desyrainbow@hotmail.com
Phone: +31 (0)642 460 975 (mobile phone)
Web site: http://www.v-j-enterprises.com/cs.html
For information about their new book (in English as an e-book) visit:
http://www.crystalskullexplorers.com
or http://www.v-j-enterprises.com/csexplorer.html

What is New in this Book?

• REPORTS OF NEW ANCIENT CRYSTAL SKULLS
• A CRYSTAL SKULL HISTORY
• WE HEAR FROM THE CARVERS OF THE NEW SKULLS
• THE RESULTS OF SOME FASCINATING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONDUCTED
  OVER THE PAST 3 YEARS
• WHAT ROLE DO THE NEWLY CARVED SKULLS PLAY?
• SECRET CODES FOUND WITHIN OR LINKED TO THE CRYSTAL SKULLS
• IS THERE A CONNECTION WITH THE CRYSTAL SKULLS AND THE CROP CIRCLES?
• HOW TO WORK WITH AND ACTIVATE YOUR OWN CRYSTAL SKULL?
• WHAT IS THE BLUE CRYSTAL SKULL ......??
• WHAT DO THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE SAY AND KNOW ABOUT THE CRYSTAL SKULLS?
• AND SOME OF THE MOST INCREDIBLE STORIES AND EXPERIENCES AROUND THE CRYSTAL SKULLS
  

The new book is scheduled to be released as an e-book, first coming out in an abbreviated version in March of 2003 with the comprehensive version released by August of 2003.   Additionally there will be a published book appearing in Poland sometime this Spring and in Holland in the early Fall of 2003

PS – if anyone would have an interest to bring one of our crystal skull events
to your part of the world, please don’t hesitate to contact us.  Thank you!!  

Copyright by Joshua Shapiro, The Crystal Skull Explorer
Reprinted with permission.

Le savoir scientifique peine à s’imposer dans les cerveaux

 

Publiés en 2005 dans un Eurobaromètre intitulé "Les Européens, la science et la technologie", ces chiffres me sidèrent toujours un peu quand je les vois et il est, je crois, utile de les rappeler régulièrement. Réalisé à partir de quelque 33 000 entretiens menés dans une trentaine de pays d'Europe (Turquie comprise), ce baromètre donne notamment un aperçu de l'état des connaissances scientifiques. Face à l'affirmation suivante – "le Soleil tourne autour de la Terre" – 29 % des personnes interrogées ont déclaré qu'elle était vraie, 66 % l'ont jugée fausse (ce qu'elle est) et 4 % ne savaient pas ou ont refusé de répondre. De la même manière, seulement 46 % des sondés ont dit que les électrons étaient plus petits que les atomes (réponse correcte), 29 % pensant le contraire et 25 % ne se prononçant pas. Il se trouve aussi 20 % de personnes pour croire que le sexe de l'enfant est déterminé par les gènes de la mère, 23 % pour dire que les premiers humains ont cohabité avec les dinosaures, 26 % pour penser que les lasers sont faits d'ondes sonores, 20 % pour estimer qu'Homo sapiens ne s'est pas développé à partir d'espèces antérieures (à comparer avec les 46 % d'Américains qui partagent la même opinion) tandis que 17 % affirment que la Terre fait le tour du Soleil en un mois, au lieu d'un an.
Certaines questions sont évidemment plus compliquées que d'autres et il ne faut pas non plus négliger les contextes culturels et religieux. Mais tout de même, 29 % de géocentriques, cela fait beaucoup en ce début de troisième millénaire car point n'est besoin d'avoir un doctorat de physique pour savoir que la Terre tourne autour du Soleil et pas le contraire : c'est au programme de l'école primaire. D'où la question suivante : pourquoi le savoir scientifique peine-t-il à s'inscrire dans les cervelles ? Dans une étude publiée en mai par la revue Cognition, Andrew Shtulman et Joshua Valcarcel, deux chercheurs en psychologie de l'Occidental College de Los Angeles, semblent avoir trouvé une partie de la réponse, grâce à une petite expérience assez simple.
Ils sont partis de l'hypothèse selon laquelle, lorsque les écoliers, collégiens, lycéens et étudiants suivent des cours de sciences, ce qu'on leur enseigne entre parfois en conflit avec ce qu'ils savent intuitivement du monde (ce que Shtulman et Valcarcel appellent les théories "naïves", au sens d'"empiriques") car, lorsqu'ils arrivent en classe ou en amphi, leur cerveau n'est pas une feuille vierge attendant d'être imprimée. Pour reprendre le cas du géocentrisme, celui-ci est "expérimenté" quotidiennement et est inscrit dans le langage puisqu'on dit chaque jour que le Soleil "se lève", qu'il décrit son orbe dans le ciel où il "se déplace", puis qu'il "se couche". Il est donc contre-intuitif de prétendre que c'est la Terre qui tourne autour du Soleil et que le mouvement apparent de ce dernier est dû à la rotation de notre planète. Shtulman et Valcarcel se sont donc demandé ce qu'il advenait des théories naïves lorsque la science les démentait : sont-elles purement et simplement effacées et remplacées par le savoir scientifique ou bien demeurent-elles dans nos esprits, de manière latente, sous-jacente.
Leur expérience a consisté à soumettre des jeunes adultes ayant suivi plusieurs années d'enseignement des sciences à un test de rapidité. Il fallait, le plus vite possible, ranger 200 affirmations dans la catégorie "vrai" ou "faux". Théories naïves et scientifiques se rejoignaient sur certaines assertions ("la Lune tourne autour de la Terre") mais étaient en désaccord sur d'autres ("la Terre tourne autour du Soleil"). Dix domaines scientifiques étaient explorés, de l'astronomie à la génétique, des fractions à la thermodynamique, en passant bien sûr par l'évolution et la biologie. La moitié des 200 phrases présentées étaient censées provoquer une dissonance entre savoir intuitif et savoir scientifique. Citons par exemple "la Lune produit de la lumière" (naïvement vraie puisque la Lune brille, scientifiquement fausse puisque notre satellite se contente de réfléchir la lumière du Soleil), "1/13 est plus grand qu'1/30" (intuitivement fausse pour beaucoup, qui ne considèrent que la grandeur du dénominateur, mais mathématiquement vraie), "les atomes sont principalement composés de vide" (naïvement fausse/scientifiquement vraie) et le célébrissime "un kilo de plomb pèse plus qu'un kilo de plumes".
Les résultats livrent deux enseignements. Primo, que l'on se trompe bien plus lorsqu'il y a conflit entre, d'un côté, l'intuition (et aussi probablement les convictions religieuses) et, de l'autre, la science. Secundo, que l'on met systématiquement plus de temps à évaluer une affirmation quand les théories naïves et scientifiques ne sont pas d'accord. L'étude note aussi que, de manière générale, plus les connaissances scientifiques ont été acquises tôt, moins il y a d'erreurs, sans toutefois que cela les empêche toutes. Le savoir scientifique peut masquer le savoir "naïf" mais ne l'efface jamais. Il résiste, reste là, quelque part, dans un coin de notre cerveau, comme s'il ne demandait qu'à ressortir. Cela lui arrive d'ailleurs parfois, d'une manière un peu détournée. Une étude parue en 2007 dans Psychological Science a montré que les personnes âgées atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer avaient, pour expliquer les phénomènes physiques (par exemple "pourquoi le Soleil brille-t-il ?"), nettement plus tendance que les adultes sains à préférer une explication par la finalité ("pour que les animaux et les plantes aient assez de lumière pour survivre") que par les causes ("parce que des réactions chimiques dans le Soleil produisent de la lumière"). Comme les enfants.
Pierre Barthélémy